Latest Research on Recurrent Pregnancy Loss: Why Genetics Are Only Part of the Picture

Experiencing recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) can be incredibly difficult, and one of the most common questions we hear from clients is: “Why is this happening to me?”

The reality is that recurrent miscarriage is complex, and in many cases there isn’t one single explanation.

New research presented at ESHRE 2026 has highlighted an important piece of the puzzle: chromosomal abnormalities are thought to contribute to around 50% of recurrent pregnancy losses.

However, this also reminds us of something equally important…

There is another 50% that we still need to understand.

The role of chromosomal abnormalities

Chromosomal abnormalities (known as aneuploidy) occur when an embryo has an incorrect number of chromosomes.

These genetic changes can affect embryo development and are one of the most common reasons for early pregnancy loss.

A recent study looking at pregnancy tissue chromosome analysis found similar rates of aneuploidy in people with and without recurrent pregnancy loss. This challenges previous theories that recurrent miscarriage may be caused by a uterus that is “less selective” during implantation.

The research also explored the role of preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy (PGT-A) in people with unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss.

The findings suggested that PGT-A was associated with:

✔️ Lower pregnancy loss rates

✔️ Higher live birth rates per embryo transfer

✔️ Higher live birth rates per patient

These findings are important and add to our understanding of how genetic testing may support some individuals on their fertility journey.

However, it’s important that we don’t stop the conversation there.

Recurrent pregnancy loss is not just about genetics

While chromosomal abnormalities may explain around half of recurrent pregnancy losses, many losses occur without a clear genetic explanation.

This is why a thorough and personalised approach is so important.

Other factors that may influence recurrent pregnancy loss include:

Hormonal health

Hormones play a key role in preparing the body for pregnancy and supporting early development.

Areas that may be considered include:

• Progesterone levels and timing

• Ovulation

• Thyroid function

• Blood sugar regulation

  
  

Conditions affecting reproductive health

Certain conditions may increase the risk of pregnancy complications, including:

• Endometriosis

• Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS)

• Uterine abnormalities

  
  

Understanding whether these conditions are present can help guide appropriate support.

Immune and inflammatory factors

A healthy pregnancy requires a carefully balanced immune response.

For some individuals, immune regulation, autoimmune conditions and chronic inflammation may play a role and may warrant further investigation alongside a specialist. We can sign post you to the best consultants that specialise in this field.

Nutrition and lifestyle factors

Nutrition and lifestyle cannot prevent every miscarriage, but they are important foundations for supporting reproductive health.

Areas we often consider include:

• Optimising nutrient status

• Supporting healthy inflammation levels

• Blood sugar balance

• Gut health

• The reproductive microbiomes (vaginal, uterine & seminal)

• Sleep and stress management

• Reducing oxidative stress

  
  

These factors all influence the environment in which eggs, sperm and embryos develop.

There is no one-size-fits-all approach

One of the most important messages from this research is that recurrent pregnancy loss is not caused by one single factor.

Genetic testing and advances in fertility medicine are incredibly valuable, but they are one part of a much bigger picture.

If you've experienced recurrent pregnancy loss, you deserve a comprehensive assessment that considers your individual history, medical factors, nutrition, lifestyle and any areas that may be influencing your fertility.

Research helps us understand more, but personalised care helps us understand you.

Study reference: Mumusoglu et al. (2024). Preimplantation genetic testing for aneuploidy in unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Fertility and Sterility.